Heterogeneous database problem
 Different organizational units, Service
 Needers/Providers have radically
 different databases
 Different syntactically: whats
 the format?
 Different structurally: how are they
 structured?
 Different semantically: what do
 they mean? 
 They all speak different languages (access,
 description, schemas, meaning)
 Integration: rather than N2 problem, with
 single, adequate Ontology reduces to
 N
 όEnterprise-wide
 system interoperability problem
 Currently: system-of-systems, vertical
 stovepipes
 Ontologies act as conceptual model representing
 enterprise consensus
 semantics
 Relevant document retrieval/question-answering problem
 What is the meaning of your query?
 What is the meaning of documents that would satisfy your query?
 Can you obtain only meaningful, relevant
 documents?