What can we learn from Ontologists
when constructing UBL?  [1]
• Logical rigor, generality, reuse, modularity,
refinement
• Useful for domain ontologies (UBL) to inherit middle,
upper ontologies
• Don’t reinvent wheel 10 million times
• Ontology engineering: formal conceptual
modeling & ontological analysis using principled
semantic guidelines
• Ontology: shared vocabulary & meaning (&
structure)